The ants

IUT THIONVILLE-YUTZ
Génie Biologique

The Ants :

« Hyper organized, representing over 10% of animal biomass, the equivalent of mankind, they are formed in supercolonies stretchingthousands of miles! «

That may be how qualified the largest terrestrial biomass. Appearedin more than 120 million years before our area – in descendingwasps appeared -200 000 000 years before humans – andprobablywill persist after our extinction. They have colonized all continents,from the hottest desert to the steppes of Russia through therainforests; capable of the most impressive physical performance of the animal kingdom as carrying more than ten times its weight overseveral hundred meters – that amount for a man to bear five carswhile running a marathon …
The ant is an insect belonging to theorder Hymenoptera and Antclass divided into 12,000 species, ants live in colonies more or lessnumerous, mobile or based around a nest, carnivorous orgranivorous, but these are few differences, each colony, and like every other part of his organization, built around a queen mother ofthe colony, the remaining individuals are divided into several castesactivities well defined and different.
Like allinsects, the anatomy of ants is divided into three parts:

-The head, the front end part comprising the central brain, most ofthe sense organs (eye, antenna) and the oral appliance.
-The thorax, the central part of the ant, it is divided into three partswhich each have a pair of legs
-The abdomen or gaster, rear end part contains the digestive system (especially the crop name), a venom glandand in sexual individuals, the reproductive system.

Whether in the current language or science, we often hear thatants, like bees or humans, form a corporation. But what is asociety? Defining this term is quite complicated because it is usedin multiple areas very different in our study we can summarize it this way, it is a group of people having a common life form, organizeand consistentwith a shared culture, norms and shared values,usually a corporation and built around a fundamental principle: thelanguage.

The ant, an organization organized …
A. By various castes.
Ants are from a common branch with termites and bees, waspsbranch. However they differ in their size, appearance and behaviorbetween different species but also to his own of the same colony. It is said that antsare organized into castes, defined as closed groups, which may be of two types: morphological and behavioral.The hierarchy is determined as follows: Queen, soldier and worker,each caste is divided into sub-castes.

In morphological castes, each ant has a peculiar morphology andfills certain functions.
The workers, who constitute the vast majority of the workforce, more than 90% are relativelysmall in order to access all the galleries of the nest, they live only two or three years and involved among otherof its construction Of cleaning and care of larvae, so they ensure thefunctioning of the colony. They are asexual and that ants do not havewings.
One can also cite the Minors who are part of the ant workers andare
the smallest of the colony, they have no distinctive individuals.Ouvrière Lasius Flavius, taille moyenne 3-5mm.

The soldiers are stronger and bigger than the workers, with typicallyimpressive mandibles, and are assigned to surveillance andprotection of the nest. The nurses also working in cooperation withthe maintenance of the colony, which includes building the nest,caring for young, foraging.

Soldat Aphaenogaster Gibbosa, taille moyenne 9-11mm.The queen is usually about the biggest ant in the colony and is intended exclusively for spawning. A queen can lay several millioneggs during their lifetime is estimated at about 1000 the daily eggof a queen. Generally there is only one queen per colony, is what is called « monogynous.
At birth, the queen has wings, it will lose after the « nuptial flight » andthree eyes arranged in a triangle,…